Saudi date development technique 2020
Arabic
dates are the most seasoned organic product on the planet. The development of
this natural product is more pervasive for the most part in the nations of East
and North Africa. As per many, Iraq or Egypt is the origination of date palms.
From old occasions the date palm plantations have been one of the primary
wellsprings of job for the individuals. In the desert zones of the Arab
nations, where no other plant is anything but difficult to develop, desert
garden was made by making date plantations. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq,
Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, Algeria, Sudan, Oman, Libya and Tunisia
are a portion of the nations where Arabic dates are generally developed. At
present, dates are being developed effectively in certain pieces of China,
India and America. During the period of Ramadan, it is standard in Muslim
nations to break the quick with Saudi dates. Every Muslim nation, including
Bangladesh, import enormous amounts of dates or produce huge amounts of dates
from their own creation during the long stretch of Ramadan.
In the more prominent Faridpur, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal and different pieces of Bangladesh, pretty much dates are developed mostly for making juice and molasses. The measure of natural product that the local assortment of date palm bears isn't of acceptable quality, so rarely to eat it as a natural product. For the last 15-20 years, some intrigued ranchers from various pieces of the nation have been fruitful in developing dates on a restricted scale. Since they plant gardens produced using seeds, the nature of the assortment isn't saved. Because of the absence of present day innovation and capacity to fertilize, they get low yields from date palms.
The
DAE has authoritatively stepped up to the plate and make improved date palm
plantations in agriculture focuses in various areas by bringing in improved
assortments of date palms from the primary Arab nations. A portion of these
trees have been planted in February 2018 with blooming organize and have begun
bearing natural products. Before long Bangladesh will be effective in creating
Arabic dates.
Nourishment:
Dates are a nutritious organic product. It is plentiful in protein, nutrients,
minerals and calories. There is no pair of dates as a reasonable eating
regimen. The therapeutic estimation of this natural product is high. Expands assimilation
in food, goes about as an antitoxin to sickliness, obstruction,
hypersensitivities and malignant growth. Dates give energy to the body, keep
the heart sound, increment vision, and keep bones and teeth solid. This natural
product is helpful in frailty, sore throat, looseness of the bowels, solid
pregnancy.
Varieties: There are more
than one thousand varieties of dates in the world. The number of this variety
is more than four hundred in Saudi countries. Since the male and female date
palms, such as the palm and latkan trees, grow separately, the seedlings
naturally produce new varieties. However, seedlings made from seeds do not have
the quality of the actual variety. It takes more time to catch the fruit, the
quantity and quality of the fruit is not promising. Barhi, Medzal, Samran,
Khatrai, Jahedi, Khalas, Maryam, Nimeshi, Anbarah, Jambeli, Shishi, Lulu,
Sultana, Ajua, Yabni, Diglitnur, Asmaulhasna are some of the most popular varieties
of dates. So far, DAE has been importing 18 modern improved varieties of date
palms and creating gardens in different districts' hot culture centers.
Propagation:
The Arab countries used to create
gardens by collecting sakars or saplings from the varieties of their choice.
Besides, it was customary to create date orchards with seedlings. However,
nowadays, the use of improved varieties of pens using tissue culture methods is
gaining popularity. In the old system, seedlings were less available from Ka.
Seedlings made from seeds take about 7 years to bear fruit. Seedlings obtained
from date palm seedlings and seedlings made through tissue culture begin to
bear fruit 3 years after planting. Now that some companies are engaged in the
production of date seedlings through tissue culture, the creation of improved
varieties of orchards is increasing rapidly and other countries are also
enjoying the benefits. In this country, many people have been cultivating dates
in limited quantities for 15-20 years with seedlings made from seeds.
Land Selection and Planting: Land with relatively high elevation of light and air with
drainage facilities needs to be selected for date orchards. In order to make a
garden, it is necessary to make a date garden design for planting seedlings 20
feet apart in rows at a distance of 20 feet. If you need to plant one or two
rows of trees, you have to give a distance of 15-18 feet. It is easy to create
a garden on low damp land where 10-12 inches of water accumulates during the
rainy season. In this case, by digging a 6-7 feet wide and 2-4 feet deep ditch
between the two rows and removing the soil from the hole on both sides, a 10-12
feet wide bed can be made and a date orchard can be easily created in that bed
very easily. In Rahmatpur Horticulture Center of Barisal district, date
orchards with 72 date palm trees have been created using this method. The
growth of trees in this garden is very encouraging, which will serve as a
significant model for the expansion of Arabic date cultivation in the coastal
districts in the coming days.
Making
and filling the hole: In order to
spread the roots of the planted tree properly, it is necessary to make a hole 6
feet wide and 3 feet deep and leave it in the sun for a week and refill the
hole with fertilizer and soil. The soil in the hole can be purified by filling
the prepared hole with straw and burning it with fire. The fertilizers and
ingredients that need to be mixed before planting date seedlings are coarse
sand (Sylhet sand) 30%, decomposed dung or waste compost 40% and sandy loam or
sandy loam soil 30%. It should also be mixed with 10-15 kg of cocodust or
coconut husk powder, equal amount of earthworm manure. Bone powder 1 kg,
urea-300 g, TSP-400 g, MOP-500 g. In addition, zinc sulphate, magsulphate,
ferrous sulphate and boron - 100 g per plant need to be mixed with a total of
400 g. In order to control the disease, suitable fungicides and granular
pesticides should be mixed in 100 gm and a total of 200 gm. Mix these together
and fill the hole and keep it soaked with water for a few days. After two weeks
of filling the hole, it will be suitable for planting.
Planting of seedlings: Date seedlings should be planted one foot above the ground. For this, the soil filled with holes should be lifted and the middle part should be raised. Then gradually it should be tilted outwards and mixed along the drain. When the tree is planted, make a 10-12 inch wide and 12 inch deep ditch in a circle 2.5 feet away from the base of the tree and the soil of this ditch should be well tied in a circular high isle on the outside. After planting, the drain should be filled with water at intervals of 8-10 days. The tree will absorb the water from the drain.
Irrigation and drainage: Drainage system should be maintained so that water does not accumulate in the garden in any way during monsoon. In dry season, the roots of the trees should be irrigated regularly. Understanding the condition of sap in the soil, it is necessary to fill the drain at intervals of 7-15 days and eliminate the shortage of sap by irrigating with water. It depends on the growth of the tree, the yield of better quality fruit, the required water irrigation and drainage system. The roots of the old date palm penetrate to a depth of 3-4 feet in a circle about 4-5 feet from the base. Therefore, it is important to take measures to eliminate the lack of juice in the area where the roots are spread during the dry season.
Mulching and training pruning: In the dry season, mulching should be done in a circle around the base of the tree up to a distance of 2-3 feet with straw, herbs or water hyacinth. It retains soil sap and does not require frequent irrigation. As a result of mulching, the roots of the tree will be free from weeds, the environment will be favorable, and later these leaves will rot and act as organic manure. If the tree is large, the old dead leaves hanging down should be pruned 6-8 inches from the base of the tree. Also carefully remove the topless fruit stalks and flower-fruit lids. At the same time, the cut part should be coated with fungicide or board mixer paste.
Care: After planting the tree, it should be tied tightly with a stick and measures should be taken to keep it as straight as possible. When the leaves are dry for the first few years, they should be cut. By no means can the raw leaves of the tree be cut. However, once a year, at the end of fruit collection, the old unnecessary leaves hanging down should be removed. If the branches growing from the roots and roots of the tree are allowed to grow, the fruiting capacity of the tree will be reduced. However, in order to collect the seedlings, the remaining seedlings should be pruned regularly, leaving some seedlings growing near the beginning. Since the collected seedlings are stored in more shade, the date seedlings do not get scorched by the heat of the sun after planting. For the first 10-15 days of planting, the north-east side should be left open and the south-west side should be well covered with thin bark and given light shade. Alternatively, the plants should be stored in a 16-inch earthen pot with suitable potting media in the shade for 2-3 months and then planted in the garden.
Fertilizer
application: It is important to apply
regular fertilizer on Arabic date palms at intervals of 4 months. The tree will
grow well, will be able to give more fruit. Like coconut and betel nut, they
like potash as they belong to the Pami tribe. The fertilizers that need to be
applied to trees of different ages are-
The recommended fertilizers for each year can be divided into 3 parts and applied once in May-June and twice more in September-October and February-March. In addition, nuclear foods especially zinc sulphate, magsulphate, ferral sulphate and boron and aerol need to be applied once a year at 200-300 g depending on the age of the plant. Irrigation should be done immediately after applying the fertilizer. Fertilizer should be applied to the part where the roots spread from the base of the tree. However, care must be taken that the roots of the tree are less injured during the application of fertilizers. Good band Ghachak or Ghachakjha mixed fertilizer can be used. However, application of nitrogen fertilizer is required more than the first stage of the plant. When you start catching flowers and fruits, you have to increase the amount of potash and phosphorus. Many people keep the plant healthy by applying fertilizers that are soluble in water.
Insect and disease control: The tips of the roots of coconut, palm and date palms are soft and sweet, which attracts various insects and nematodes in the soil including weevils. For this purpose, granular pesticides and liquid pesticides (Imidachloropid / Darsban) suitable for use in the soil should be used regularly at intervals of two to three months to control the insects in the soil. Rhino beetles, red palm weevils and scale insects are also found in date palms. To keep the garden clean and tidy with imidachloropid or chloropyrifos, spray the young leaves and the base of the leaves at intervals of 2-3 weeks to protect the plant. Mite infestation is occasionally seen in date palms. For this, the plant should be kept healthy by using pesticides at intervals of 2-3 weeks.
Diseases: Down fungus,
disease due to pruning and black-brown spotting on the whole part of the growing
leaves are more common in date palms. Therefore, regular use of Mancozev /
Carbondazim or Bordeaux mixture with fungicide at regular intervals of 10-15
days should be taken to keep the plant healthy. Pollination of date palms: Male
and female date palms grow separately. Therefore, for healthy, large and good
quality dates, it is essential to pollinate the male plant with pollen in time
along with the emergence of boiling female flowers. If the male flowers are
collected from a tree that is capable of producing healthy, large male flowers
and stored in a common refrigerator, it can be used for pollination for up to
two years. However, it is better to use fresh pollen. Saudi date palms bloom in
January-March. Both types of flower buds are covered with a hard covering. When
the flowers grow inside the mantle and become suitable for pollination, the
outer mantle starts cracking slowly. In this case, the male flower bud cover is
removed, dried in the light sun, the pollen is carefully separated, wrapped in
paper and stored in the normal chamber of the fridge with a polythene cover.
Then when the female flower buds of the date
palm tree grow and start cracking the outer hard covering, it becomes suitable
for pollination. At this time, the hard cover is removed with a sharp knife and
the inner part of the rhyme is taken out. With an expensive soft brush or
brush, a small amount of pollen pollen is applied and the pollen pollen is
lightly touched or shaken off. In addition, one or two of the male flowers have
to be tied to the female flower. The pollinated flower stalks are lightly
covered with thin brown paper towels. After 3-4 weeks the cover has to be
removed. During pollination, the needles of the date palm near the rhyme are
removed with a scissors to protect the thorns from injury. Planting one male
tree for every 15-20 female trees in the garden facilitates pollination by wind
and bees or beneficial insects. It can bear up to 60-70% of the fruit.
Fruit collection: 3-4 months after pollination, dates are suitable for fruit collection. Some varieties of nutritious raw-ripe fruits can be eaten in both conditions. Fruits of other varieties are collected, stored or processed and used or marketed when they turn brown / dark brown / black when ripe. A healthy vigorous tree yields 60-150 kg of dates per year depending on the variety. With good management, some varieties of trees bear up to 300 kg of fruit. After pollination, 8-10 healthy strong shoots should be left and the remaining shoots should be removed at the beginning. This arrangement will ensure more attractive large size fruit from the remaining buds. When the date fruit begins to grow slowly, it hangs under the weight of the fruit. This fruiting rhyme interferes with the tip of the leaf and prevents the fruit from growing, which reduces the yield. In order for the bunch of date fruits to hang freely and partially, it is necessary to clean the thorns and allow the fruit to grow freely. In order to prevent a single stalk from breaking under the weight of the date, lightly tie a rope on the beginning part of the stalk to tie the stalk to the upper stalk of the fruit and take measures to prevent it from breaking or hanging too much. When the fruit is slightly larger, the infestation of a type of fly, insects and birds increases. For this, the fruits have to be covered nicely by making loose bags with thick mosquito nets.
In addition, when the fruit is
nourished or ripe under a long bag, it is deposited at the bottom and the fruit
is taken in the lower git. With the help of Nutrition Development Project
through year-round fruit production, improved varieties of date palms are
procured from Arab countries with the help of modern technology. In the end, it
is desirable that the pace of expansion of profitable date fruit cultivation be
accelerated.
M Enamul Haque *
* Director General (Retd.), DAE and
National Consultant (Horticulture) Nutrition Development Project through
year-round fruit production; Mobile +8801916055205
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